Research & Analysis // Research and analyses from academia and other sources.
The Air is Always Cleaner on the Other Side: Race, Space, and Ambient Air Toxics Exposures in California
Manuel Pastor, Jr.1, Rachel Morello‐Frosch2, James L. Sadd 3
1 University of California, Santa Cruz
2 Brown University
3 Occidental College
Abstract
Environmental justice advocates have recently focused attention on cumulative exposure in minority neighborhoods due to multiple sources of pollution. This article uses U.S. EPA's National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA) for 1996 to examine environmental inequality in California, a state that has been a recent innovator in environmental justice policy. We first estimate potential lifetime cancer risks from mobile and stationary sources. We then consider the distribution of these risks using both simple comparisons and a multivariate model in which we control for income, land use, and other explanatory factors, as well as spatial correlation. We find large racial disparities in California's "riskscape" as well as inequalities by other factors and suggest several implications for environmental and land use policy.
For more information on this article, see here.
Empowerment Through Risk-Related Information: EPA's Risk Screening Environmental Indicators Project
The availability of basic data is necessary, but not necessarily sufficient, to accomplish environmental justice objectives. The challenge is to verify the existence of disparate impacts (e.g., disparities correlated with race and income) and to identify where they occur, who is impacted, and who is responsible. To answer correctly such questions, it is necessary to translate data into accessible, meaningful information.
Wasting Our Waterways: Toxic Industrial Pollution and the Unfulfilled Promise of the Clean Water Act
This report documents and analyzes the dangerous levels of pollutants discharged in to America's waters by compiling toxic chemical releases reported to the U.S. EPA's Toxics Release Inventory for 2007, the most recent data available.
Potential Residential Exposure to Toxics Release Inventory Chemicals During Pregnancy and Childhood Brain Cancer
http://www.ehponline.org/members/2006/9145/9145.html
(Children's Health) Environmental Health Perspectives | July 1, 2006| Choi, Hannah S.; Shim, Youn K.; Kaye, Wendy E.; Ryan, P. Barry
The Sociological Mapping of On-Site Releases and Off-Site Transfers of US Industrial Toxic Wastes, 1998-2005
Facility Level Perspectives on the Toxics Release Inventory
Why do Firms Pollute (and Reduce) Toxic Emissions?
Highest Ranking Parishes and Industrial Facilities in Louisiana for Chronic Human Health Risk
TRI Perspectives: Trends in TRI Releases
Here is an example of an analysis that EPA developed a few years ago and used internally. We are now releasing the analysis to the public as a demonstration of the kinds of information that TRI data can provide. Please give us feedback on this analysis and let us know if you think this type of analysis is useful for understanding the impact of TRI.
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